![]() Understanding the basis of neural self-representation is not only interesting from a philosophical or scientific point of view but may also have practical implications in psychiatry, for example, in understanding disturbed self-related functions occurring during depression. They can reflect on themselves as a person and they have a neural representation of their own body. Humans not only have a neural representation of the external and social world, they also have the ability to represent themselves as coherent human beings and as a self. We suggest considering the reported structures when investigating psychopathologically affected self-related processing. Notably, the results are obtained here without behavioural response supporting the reliability of this methodological approach of applying a solely mental intervention. ConclusionsĪltogether, cingulate, medial and lateral prefrontal, insular and inferior parietal regions show relevance for self-related cognitions, with in part self-specificity in terms of comparison with the known-, unknown- and perception-conditions. Whereas some of these areas showed activity in the “other”-conditions as well, self-selective characteristics were revealed in right dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex for self-reflection in anterior cingulate cortex for self-perception and in the left inferior parietal lobe for self-reflection and -perception. Self-reflection, compared with reflecting on the other persons and to a major part also compared with perceiving photographs of one-self, was associated with more prominent dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal, insular, anterior and posterior cingulate activations. The reflection period was initialized by a cue and followed by photographs of the respective persons (perception of pictures of oneself or the other person). Healthy subjects reflected either on themselves, a personally known or an unknown person during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We here investigated brain activity associated with a short, exclusively mental process of self-reflection in the absence of external stimuli or behavioural requirements. ![]() Previous studies have addressed the neural correlates of self-referential processes in response to or related to external stimuli. Self-referential cognitions are important for self-monitoring and self-regulation.
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